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A reference for a preliminary ruling concerning Articles 9(2)(e) and 12(2) of Directive 2004/83/EC was published by the CJEU on 25 October 2013. It was lodged on 2 September by the Bayerisches Verwaltungsgericht München (Germany).
A reference for a preliminary ruling concerning Articles 21 and 24 of Council Directive 2004/83/EC was published by the CJEU on 18 October 2013. It was lodged on 2 July by the Verwaltungsgerichtshof Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and the questions read as follows:
The new Michigan Guidelines on the Exclusion of International Criminals, resulting from a colloquium held in March 2013 at the University of Michigan, attempt to define the circumstances in which an international criminal can be excluded from protection by the Refugee Convention. Article 1(F)(a) of the Refugee Convention excludes from refugee status ‘... any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that...
