The applicants are Mohammad Rasoul Madah, an Iranian national, his partner, Maria Kerkenezova, and their son, Daniel Mohammad Rasoul Madah, both Bulgarian nationals. They were born in 1965, 1973 and 2006 respectively. Granted a permanent residence permit in Bulgaria in 2001, Mohammad Rasoul Madah subsequently met and started living with Ms Kerkenezova, with whom he had a son, the third applicant.